ABSTRACT
Molecular hydrogen exerts biological effects on nearly all organs. It has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects and contributes to the regulation of autophagy and cell death. As the primary organ for gas exchange, the lungs are constantly exposed to various harmful environmental irritants. Short- or long-term exposure to these harmful substances often results in lung injury, causing respiratory and lung diseases. Acute and chronic respiratory diseases have high rates of morbidity and mortality and have become a major public health concern worldwide. For example, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. An increasing number of studies have revealed that hydrogen may protect the lungs from diverse diseases, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we highlight the multiple functions of hydrogen and the mechanisms underlying its protective effects in various lung diseases, with a focus on its roles in disease pathogenesis and clinical significance.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Acute Lung Injury , Aging , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Antioxidants/chemistry , Asthma/therapy , Autophagy , COVID-19/therapy , Hydrogen/therapeutic use , Hypertension, Pulmonary/therapy , Inflammation , Lung Diseases/therapy , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Oxidative Stress , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis/therapy , Pyroptosis , Reactive Oxygen SpeciesABSTRACT
Post-transplant complications such as graft-versus-host disease and graft ischemia-reperfusion injury are crucial challenges in transplantation. Hydrogen can act as a potential antioxidant, playing a preventive role against post-transplant complications in animal models of multiple organ transplantation. Herein, the authors review the current literature regarding the effects of hydrogen on graft ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft-versus-host disease. Existing data on the effects of hydrogen on ischemia-reperfusion injury related to organ transplantation are specifically reviewed and coupled with further suggestions for future work. The reviewed studies showed that hydrogen (inhaled or dissolved in saline) improved the outcomes of organ transplantation by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation at both the transplanted organ and the systemic levels. In conclusion, a substantial body of experimental evidence suggests that hydrogen can significantly alleviate transplantation-related ischemia-reperfusion injury and have a therapeutic effect on graft-versus-host disease, mainly via inhibition of inflammatory cytokine secretion and reduction of oxidative stress through several underlying mechanisms. Further animal experiments and preliminary human clinical trials will lay the foundation for hydrogen use as a drug in the clinic.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control , Hydrogen/therapeutic use , Organ Transplantation/adverse effects , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Cytokines/analysis , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
La lactosa es el principal glúcido de la leche humana y de vaca. La malabsorción de lactosa produce flatulencia, diarrea y dolor abdominal; generalmente se indica dieta libre de lactosa sólo con la presunción clínicapor lo que se ha desarrollado varios métodos diagnósticos: el test de toleranciaala lactosa, biopsia intestinal y el test de hidrógeno en aire espirado; siendo este último más aceptado por ser un método práctico,de alta confiabilidad y no invasivo. Se utilizó el instrumento Quintron Model 12i Microlyzer en 90 niños en forma prospectiva con sintamología sugestiva de intolerancia a la lactosa a los cuales se les dió 2 gr/Kg de lactosa y se detrminó el hidrógeno basal y cada 30 minutos por 2 horas. Los valores basles variaron de 1 ppm a 50 ppm y el pico másalto fue de 234 ppm. Solo 18 (20porciento) delos niños presentaron intolerancia a la lactosa con prueba anormal (elevación de la cifra en 20 ppm sobre la basal ). La simplicidad en la aplicación, aunada a una técnica no invasiva, intrumentación perfeccionada y versátil hacen que el test de hidrógeno en aire espirado permita un diagnóstico preciso para el tratamiento dietético adecuado ocupando un lugar importante en gastroenterología pediatríca